James Fergusson and James Burgess, The Cave Temples of India (Oriental Books, [1880] 1969),
248–252. Some of the details of the Shivneri caves are from Vidya Dehejia, ‘Early Buddhist Caves
at Junnar’, Artibus Asiae 31 (1969), 147–166.
Stewart Gordon, The Marathas: 1600–1818, The New Cambridge History of India, Vol. 2, Part 4,
(Cambridge University Press, 1993), 14–15.
‘Maharashtra’ here is the word used for the Marathi-speaking regions of the Deccan and not the
linguistic state with the boundaries that came into being in 1960.
Stewart Gordon, The Marathas: 1600–1818, The New Cambridge History of India, Vol. 2, Part 4,
(Cambridge University Press, 1993), 12–13.
Ibid.
Hsuan Tsang quoted in A.R. Kulkarni, Studies in Maratha History (Diamond Publications, 2009), 1.
Afterword by Martha Ann Selby in Arvind Krishna Mehrotra, trans., The Absent Traveller: Prakrit
Love Poetry from the Gathasaptasati of Satavahana Hala (Penguin Books, 2008), 72.
Ibid., 72–73.
Richard M. Eaton, A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761: Eight Indian Lives (Cambridge
University Press, South Asia edition, 2020), 9–22.
Ibid., 91.
G.S. Sardesai, New History of the Marathas, Vol. 1 (Munshiram Manoharlal, 1986), 60.
Jadunath Sarkar, House of Shivaji (S.C. Sarkar & Sons, 1948), 33–41.
Ibid., 41–44.
Mehendale (Marathi), Vol. 2, 524.
Alexander Rogers and Henry Beveridge, trans., Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri or Memoirs of Jahangir: From the
First to the Twelfth Year of His Reign (Royal Asiatic Society, 1909), 312–313.
Ibid.
William Foster, The English Factories in India, 1618–1621 (Clarendon Press, 1906), 332.
Sarkar, House of Shivaji, 14, 20.
Shivabharat, by Parmanand, quoted in R.P. Patwardhan and H.G. Rawlinson, Source Book of
Maratha History (K.P. Bagchi & Company, 1928), 3; Shivabharat, 19.
This Sambhaji was the son of Maloji’s brother and Shahaji’s uncle, Vithoji.
A.R. Kulkarni and G.H. Khare, Marathyancha Itihas, Vol. 1 (Marathi) (Continental Prakashan, [1984]
2021), 77.
Mehendale (Marathi), Vol. 1, 478–481; Sardesai, New History of the Marathas, Vol. 1, 63–65.
Ibid.
G.S. Sardesai, Marathi Riyasat, Khand [Vol.] 1 (Popular Prakashan, [1902] 2017), 55.
Shivabharat, by Parmanand, quoted in Patwardhan and Rawlinson, Source Book of Maratha History,
9.
Badshah Nama of Abdu-l Hamid Lahori, translated and quoted in H.M. Elliot and John Dowson, The
History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians, Vol. 7 (Trubner and Co., 1887), 24.
Shivabharat, 58.
Ibid., 60–63.
The English chaplain L’Escaliot quoted in Jadunath Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times (Orient
BlackSwan, [1920] 2010), XV.
B.G. Paranjape, ed., English Records on Shivaji (1659–1682) (Shiva Charitra Karyalaya, 1931), 73.
‘Life of the Celebrated Sevagy, Cosme da Guarda’, in Surendra Nath Sen, ed., Foreign Biographies
of Shivaji (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd; Calcutta: Girindranath Mitra, 1927), 2.
G.B. Mehendale, Shivaji: His Life and Times (Param Mitra Publications, 2011), 680.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Shivabharat, 82.
Ibid., 83–84, 90; Sabhasad, 3–4.